Colon Cancer

It is a type of cancer that develops in the large intestine. It usually begins as small growths called polyps. Colon cancer Symptoms include abdominal pain, bleeding, and changing bowel habits. Risk factors include genetic predisposition, unhealthy diet, and obesity. Early diagnosis increases the chance of cure. Colonoscopy is a common method for diagnosis. Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation.

What are the symptoms of colon cancer?

Sudden changes in habits such as diarrhea, constipation or a change in stool shape may be one of the symptoms. Seeing red or black blood in the stool may be a symptom. This indicates bleeding in the intestines. Constant abdominal pain, cramps or discomfort, colon cancer It may be related to. The feeling of having to defecate is constant, but the stool is not completely passed.

Unexplained weight loss may be another symptom. Constant fatigue and weakness occur as a result of the body not being able to carry enough blood. Especially in the elderly, symptoms of iron deficiency anemia may be related to cancer. These symptoms, colon cancer It can also be a sign of other health problems. Therefore, it is important to see a healthcare professional if you are experiencing one or more of these symptoms. Early diagnosis can make a big difference in your treatment.

What Causes Colon Cancer?

Family history, colon cancer It can increase the risk. People with a family history of polyps are at higher risk. In addition, genetic disorders such as Lynch syndrome and FAP also increase this risk. It is usually more common in individuals aged 50 and over. As age increases, the risk of cellular changes and mutations increases. High-fat, low-fiber diets, red and processed meat consumption can increase the risk. In addition, not consuming enough vegetables and fruits also has negative effects on the risk. A sedentary lifestyle can increase the risk.

Regular physical activity can support gut health. Being overweight or obese can increase the risk of developing many types of cancer, as can colon cancer It also increases the risk. Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption are risk factors. Conditions such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis increase the risk by causing intestinal inflammation. Postmenopausal hormone therapy in women may affect the risk. The causes of cancer are complex and multifactorial. Making healthy lifestyle choices and participating in regular screening tests are important for early detection and prevention.

How Is Colon Cancer Diagnosed?

The doctor takes the patient's medical history and physically examines the abdominal area. colon cancer Information such as your medical history and previous bowel diseases is important. A fecal occult blood test (FOBT) is a test to detect the presence of blood in your stool. This test can indicate early signs of cancer. A fecal DNA test detects traces of DNA in your stool that are specific to cancer cells. A colonoscopy is the most effective way to see directly inside your intestines. A thin tube with a camera is inserted through your rectum and advanced through your colon. If a polyp or tumor is present, a biopsy may be taken. A computed tomography (CT) scan provides detailed images of your intestines.

It can also be used to determine if cancer has spread. Tissue samples are taken during a colonoscopy or surgery. They are examined in a laboratory setting to determine if cancer cells are present. Blood tests for tumor markers (for example, CEA – Carcinoembryonic Antigen) may be done. These markers can help with diagnosis or to assess response to treatment. Colon cancer Screening is generally recommended starting at age 45. It can start earlier in people with risk factors. Early diagnosis can significantly affect the course of the disease. Therefore, it is important to see a doctor when symptoms are noticed.

How Is Colon Cancer Treated?

In early-stage cancer, the tumor tissue can be surgically removed. During this procedure, the cancerous colon area and surrounding healthy tissue can be removed. If the tumor affects a significant portion of the colon, a colostomy can be performed. In this procedure, a portion of the colon is directed outside the abdomen and stool is emptied into this area. Chemotherapy is performed with drugs used to kill cancer cells and stop their growth.

It is used as an additional treatment after surgery to prevent cancer from coming back. Side effects of chemotherapy can include nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and a weakened immune system. Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams that target cancer cells. It is usually used before surgery to shrink tumors or to destroy residual cells after surgery. Targeted therapy targets specific molecules that affect the growth and spread of cancer cells.

Usually metastatic colon cancer It is preferred for. Immunotherapies strengthen the body's immune system. It provides a more effective response against cancer cells. This treatment is generally suitable for tumors with certain genetic characteristics. Patients should be checked regularly after treatment. This is important for early detection of possible recurrences. It is also important for patients to receive psychological and physical support during the treatment process.