RECTUM CANCER

Erken evrede yakalandığında %90’ın üzerinde tedavi başarısı vardır. İleri evrelerde bile multidisipliner tedaviyle yaşam süresi uzatılabilir.

Fresh blood in the stool, frequent need to go to the toilet, thin stools, abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss and iron deficiency anemia.

Colonoscopy and biopsy are the gold standards for definitive diagnosis. Pelvic MRI or endorectal ultrasound evaluates tumor depth and lymph node involvement.

In the early stages, surgery is the main treatment. In advanced stages, the tumor is first shrunk with chemoradiotherapy and then surgery is performed.

Tümör anüse çok yakınsa stoma gerekebilir. Ancak modern tekniklerle (sfinkter koruyucu ameliyat) bu risk %20-30’a düşürülür.

It provides less pain, smaller incisions, faster recovery and nerve protection compared to traditional open surgery. It is ideal for protecting sensitive tissues, especially in the pelvic area.

With nerve-sparing surgery, where the pelvic nerves are preserved, the risk is reduced to below %5. However, this risk may increase in advanced stages.

Temporary frequent bowel movements, gas leakage or fecal incontinence may occur. Improvement is achieved in 6-12 months with pelvic floor rehabilitation.

Erken evrede %5-10, ileri evrede %30-40’tır. Düzenli takiplerle (kolonoskopi, PET-CT) erken müdahale şansı yüksektir.

The risk is high in genetic diseases such as Lynch syndrome or familial polyposis. Genetic counseling is recommended.

High-fiber foods (vegetables, whole grains), omega-3s (fish), probiotics, and limiting red meat/processed food intake reduce the risk.