The thyroid gland is an organ located in the front of the neck that produces hormones that regulate the body's metabolism. Thyroid nodules are abnormal masses that form within this gland. While most nodules are benign, some can grow and cause difficulty swallowing or breathing, or can be a risk for cancer. Thyroid nodule surgeryis a surgical procedure that becomes necessary in certain situations.
Who Needs Thyroid Nodule Surgery?
Thyroid nodules are benign or malignant masses that form in the thyroid gland. Most thyroid nodules are asymptomatic and harmless. However, in some cases, surgery may be required to remove the nodules.
Some thyroid nodules may be malignant (cancerous). If there is a suspicion of cancer in the nodules examined by biopsy, surgery is recommended. Surgery is inevitable, especially in nodules that grow rapidly, have irregular edges, or have spread to the lymph nodes.
Large nodules put pressure on the trachea or esophagus. This can cause breathing and swallowing problems. They put pressure on the vocal cords. This can cause hoarseness. These types of nodules reduce the patient's quality of life and must be removed surgically.
Some nodules secrete thyroid hormones uncontrollably. This can cause hyperthyroidism. This condition manifests itself with symptoms such as heart palpitations, weight loss, sweating and irritability. Surgery is considered when medication or radioactive iodine treatment does not work.
Large nodules can cause swelling in the neck that is noticeable from the outside. This can cause discomfort for the patient due to aesthetic concerns. In such cases, surgery can be performed upon the patient's request.
As a result, suspicion of cancer, pressure from large nodules, and hormone imbalances occur. For this reason, thyroid nodule surgery may become necessary. The decision is determined by examination, ultrasound, biopsy and blood tests performed by the doctor.
How is Thyroid Nodule Surgery Performed?
Thyroid nodule surgery, involves the surgical removal of harmful or enlarged nodules found in the thyroid gland. This surgery can be performed with different methods depending on the size and structure of the nodule and the health status of the patient.
Before the surgery, the patient is given a detailed evaluation. Methods such as blood tests, ultrasound, thyroid scintigraphy and fine needle biopsy are used. This determines whether the nodule is benign or suspicious of cancer. In addition, the patient's general health status is evaluated and their suitability for anesthesia is checked.
Surgery is usually performed under general anesthesia. The type of surgery depends on the size and spread of the nodule: Partial Thyroid Surgery, only the thyroid lobe with the nodule is removed.
Total Thyroidectomy: The entire thyroid gland is removed. It is usually preferred in cases where cancer is suspected or hormone imbalances occur.
Minimally Invasive or Robotic Surgery: These are modern methods that are performed with small incisions and have a shorter recovery time.
During the operation, the surgeon reaches the thyroid gland by making a small incision in the neck area. The necessary nodule or thyroid tissue is removed. The operation usually takes 1-2 hours.
After the surgery is completed, the patient usually stays in the hospital overnight. Temporary side effects such as hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, and mild pain may occur. If the entire thyroid gland has been removed, thyroid hormone medications may be used for life.
Thyroid nodule surgery, was a safe and successful operation thanks to modern techniques. In this way, the recovery process can be completed quickly, depending on the patient's health condition.
Things to Consider During Thyroid Nodule Surgery
Thyroid nodule surgery, is generally a safe and successful operation. However, there are points to consider before and after the operation. Proper preparation and appropriate care can speed up the healing process and reduce the risk of complications.
Before the surgery, blood tests, ultrasound and biopsy are performed. These determine the necessity and scope of the surgery. Blood thinners (aspirin, etc.) and some thyroid medications may be stopped a few days before the surgery.
Smoking and drinking alcohol can delay postoperative healing and increase the risk of infection. Since general anesthesia will be applied, it is necessary not to eat or drink for a certain period of time before the surgery.
Temporary hoarseness may occur after surgery performed on an area close to the vocal cords. Avoid straining your voice. Eating foods makes swallowing easier. Drinking plenty of water also relaxes the throat.
Restrict Neck Movements: Sudden head and neck movements should be avoided during the post-operative recovery process. To prevent the risk of infection, you should dress as recommended by your doctor.
If your thyroid gland has been completely removed, you will need to regularly take thyroid hormone medications prescribed by your doctor.
Thyroid nodule surgery Careful aftercare is very important for rapid recovery and a healthy life.
Thyroid Nodule Surgery Recovery Process
The recovery process after surgery may vary depending on the patient's general health, the extent of the surgery, and the method used. Careful postoperative care and compliance with the doctor's recommendations will speed up the recovery process. It will also prevent possible complications.
You may be kept under observation in the hospital for the first 24 hours after surgery. Mild pain, difficulty swallowing, and hoarseness may occur. These are usually temporary effects and will improve within a few days.
There may be slight swelling and bruising in the neck area. This is normal and will disappear within a few weeks. Rest: Heavy lifting, strenuous activities, and sudden neck movements should be avoided for the first few days.
Nutrition: Eating soft and liquid foods in the first days will help prevent irritation in the throat. Drinking plenty of water will also speed up the healing process.
Stitch Care: After surgery, the stitch area should be kept clean and dressed as recommended by the doctor.
Beware of Hoarseness: If there was pressure on the vocal cords during surgery, temporary hoarseness may occur. Avoid straining your voice.
Most patients can return to their daily activities within 1-2 weeks. However, full recovery may take up to 6 weeks. If the thyroid gland has been completely removed, your doctor may prescribe lifelong thyroid hormone supplements.
If severe pain, difficulty breathing or excessive swelling occurs, consult a doctor immediately. If there is a high fever and signs of infection, seek medical help immediately.
Thyroid nodule surgery These points to be considered after the operation will speed up the healing process. In this way, patients can recover faster and healthier.
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