It is a common digestive system problem that affects public health. It is characterized by small tears or cracks in the tissue around the anus. It usually occurs due to straining during defecation, constipation or excessively hard stools. It causes symptoms such as anar fissure, severe pain, itching and sometimes bleeding. There are various treatment methods. This condition, which affects the quality of life of patients, usually improves with early treatment.
Anar Fissure Symptoms
An anal fissure is a small tear in the delicate mucosal tissue inside the anus. This condition usually occurs due to constipation, hard stools, or excessive straining. An anal fissure presents itself with very uncomfortable symptoms. Here are the most common symptoms of an anal fissure:
1. Pain: The most obvious symptom of an anal fissure is pain. This pain is usually felt intensely during or after defecation. The pain can sometimes last for a few minutes or for hours. The pain can become more intense as the fissure causes spasm in the anal muscles.
2. Bleeding: Bright red fresh blood may be seen during defecation. This blood is usually noticed on toilet paper or on the stool. Bleeding is usually small in amount but can be disturbing to the person.
3. Itching and Irritation: Itching and burning sensations around the anus are other common symptoms of an anal fissure. This irritation may be related to damage to the sensitive tissue in the area and the beginning of the healing process.
4. Swelling or Skin Affect: If an anal fissure becomes chronic, small swellings or skin blisters may form around the anus. These swellings can sometimes be mistaken for hemorrhoids.
5. Avoiding Defecation: Due to severe pain, a person may avoid defecating. This can worsen constipation and aggravate the symptoms.
Anal fissures usually heal on their own. However, in some cases, medical intervention may be necessary. Simple measures such as drinking plenty of water, eating high-fiber foods, and using stool softeners can help with healing. If left untreated, they can become chronic and require surgery.
Causes of Anar Fissure
An anal fissure is defined as a small tear or crack in the thin mucosal tissue on the inner surface of the anus. This condition usually causes pain and bleeding during defecation. The main cause of an anal fissure is excessive tension and trauma in the anus area. However, there are many specific factors that trigger this condition. Here are the main causes of anal fissure:
1. Constipation and Hard Stools: The most common cause of anal fissures is constipation. Due to constipation, stool hardens and the process of removing this hard stool can cause tears in the anus area. The damage to the mucosa as the hard stool passes through the anus causes fissures.
2. Excessive Straining: Excessive straining during defecation can cause the muscles around the anus to stretch. This tension can cause the anal tissues to tear. This is especially common in people who suffer from constipation.
3. Diarrhea: It is known that diarrhea can also cause anal fissure. Frequent and excessively watery stools can cause irritation and cracking of the sensitive tissue around the anus.
4. Trauma: During childbirth, especially in women who have vaginal birth, excessive pressure can be applied to the anal area. This can lead to an anal fissure. In addition, any direct trauma to the anus (hard stools, surgery or accidents) can also cause a fissure.
5. Infections: Some infections can also pave the way for anal fissures. They cause infection and inflammation in the anal area, causing the tissues to become sensitive.
6. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Weakens the tissues around the anus and makes it prone to fissures.
Anar Fissure Treatment
Anal fissure treatment varies depending on the size, severity, and duration of the fissure. Fissures usually heal on their own with appropriate measures. However, in some cases, medical treatment or surgery may be necessary.
1. Dietary Adjustments: A diet rich in fiber is a key element in the treatment of anal fissures. Fiber-rich foods help soften stools, reducing the difficulty in defecation and trauma to the anus. Whole grains, vegetables, fruits, and legumes are rich in fiber.
2. Warm Sitz Baths: Taking a warm bath for 10-15 minutes relaxes the muscles in the anus area and relieves pain. This can help heal a fissure and increase blood circulation, which speeds up the healing process.
3. Topical Creams and Ointments: These relieve pain by relaxing the anal muscles and help the fissure heal. Also, creams containing steroids can help reduce inflammation in the area.
4. Stool Softeners: These medications can be used to prevent hard stools from causing fissures and to speed up the healing process of existing fissures. These medications allow stool to pass more easily and reduce pain.
5. Botox Injection: In cases of chronic anal fissure, botulinum toxin (Botox) injection can be applied. This treatment method accelerates healing and reduces pain by relaxing the muscles around the anus.
6. Surgical Intervention: May be necessary for chronic anal fissures that do not heal with medication or other treatment methods. This procedure, called lateral internal sphincterotomy, is performed by cutting and relaxing a portion of the anal muscles. This method is generally very effective and has a high success rate.
Early intervention increases the success of anal fissure treatment and improves the quality of life of patients.
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