It is a rare type of cancer that develops from the cells of the gallbladder. It usually does not cause symptoms in the early stages, so it is usually in advanced stages when diagnosed. Risk factors include gallstones, chronic gallbladder inflammation, and abnormalities. Symptoms can include abdominal pain, jaundice, and loss of appetite. Treatment for gallbladder cancer usually includes surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. However, early detection offers a better prognosis.
Gallbladder Cancer Symptoms
Gallbladder cancer is a rare type of cancer that begins in the cells of the gallbladder. In the early stages, symptoms are often vague and can be difficult to diagnose. Symptoms become more noticeable as the cancer progresses.
Patients usually feel pain in the upper right abdomen. This pain may start mildly and become more severe over time. Swelling may also occur in the same area.
Loss of appetite and unintentional weight loss are common in patients. These symptoms may occur due to problems in the digestive system.
As the cancer progresses, it can cause a blockage in the bile ducts. This blocks the flow of bile from the liver, causing yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice). Other symptoms of jaundice include darkening of the urine and light-colored stools.
It causes problems in the digestive system. It can also cause nausea and vomiting. These symptoms occur especially in cases where the bile ducts are blocked.
A general feeling of weakness and exhaustion throughout the body is also among the symptoms. This situation usually becomes more pronounced in the later stages of the disease.
Causes of Gallbladder Cancer
Gallbladder cancer is a rare and often late-diagnosed type of cancer. Although the exact cause of cancer is unknown, certain risk factors affect its development. Gallbladder cancer usually occurs when cells grow uncontrollably. However, the factors that trigger this condition are still not fully understood.
Cholecystitis: Gallstones and chronic inflammation are among the most common causes. Gallstones can cause irritation to the lining of the gallbladder. This constant irritation can lead to abnormal cell growth over time. People with large gallstones in particular are at higher risk of developing cancer.
Age and Gender: The risk of gallbladder cancer increases with age. This disease is usually more common in individuals over the age of 60. It is also diagnosed more commonly in women than in men. This may be because women tend to develop gallstones more.
ObesityObesity is another major factor that increases the risk of gallbladder cancer. Excess weight can promote the formation of gallstones, which can increase the risk of cancer.
Bile Duct Anomalies: Some people have structural abnormalities. Such abnormalities can prevent the gallbladder from working properly, which increases the risk of cancer.
Factors such as genetic predisposition, tobacco use, and exposure to certain chemicals may also play a role in the development of cancer.
Diagnosis of Gallbladder Cancer
Gallbladder cancer is a type of cancer that is difficult to diagnose because its symptoms usually appear in advanced stages. The fact that it does not show symptoms in the early stages and is often confused with other diseases can make the diagnosis process difficult. However, some diagnostic methods play an important role in detecting the disease.
Physical Examination and Medical History: The first step is for the doctor to ask about the patient's general health. During the physical examination, he or she will check for swelling or tenderness in the abdomen. In addition, signs of jaundice (yellowing of the eyes and skin) may be observed.
Blood Tests: It is among the first laboratory tests used in diagnosis. Liver function tests are performed to determine whether the bile ducts are blocked. In addition, the presence of markers specific to cancer cells can be examined.
Imaging Methods: Imaging techniques such as ultrasound, MRI, and CT are used to evaluate whether tumors are present. CT and MRI in particular are very effective in determining the size and spread of the tumor. ERCP and contrast imaging of the bile ducts are also used to investigate blockages in the bile ducts.
Biopsy: The only way to definitively diagnose gallbladder cancer is with a biopsy. The tissue sample taken during the biopsy is examined under a microscope to confirm the presence of cancer cells.
Early diagnosis can have a positive impact on treatment, so it is critical for people experiencing gallbladder cancer symptoms to see a doctor.
Gallbladder Cancer Treatment Methods
Treatment for gallbladder cancer depends on the stage of the disease, the extent of the cancer, and the patient's overall health. Treatment options include standard cancer treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. The goal of treatment is to either completely remove the cancer or slow the spread of the disease.
Surgical Treatment: If detected in the early stages, surgery may be the most effective treatment. It is usually treated by removing the gallbladder and surrounding tissues. Cholecystectomy This procedure, called gallbladder biopsy, removes cancerous tissue. If the cancer has spread beyond the gallbladder, part of the liver and surrounding lymph nodes may also be removed.
Chemotherapy: It is applied to destroy remaining cancer cells or to shrink tumors after surgery. Chemotherapy is done with drugs that prevent the growth of cancer cells. It is usually preferred in advanced gallbladder cancer.
Radiotherapy: It is intended to destroy cancer cells using high-energy rays. It is usually used to reduce the risk of recurrence after surgical intervention. It can be applied together with chemotherapy or independently.
Palliative Treatment: In the advanced stage, it is done to relieve the symptoms of the disease and improve the quality of life. These treatments are aimed at relieving problems such as pain control, jaundice and congestion.
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