They are disorders that occur as a result of swelling and inflammation of the veins around the anus and rectum. They usually develop due to reasons such as constipation, prolonged sitting, obesity and pregnancy. Symptoms include pain, bleeding, itching and discomfort during defecation. Various methods are used in the treatment of hemorrhoid diseases. Early intervention can reduce the severity of symptoms and improve quality of life.
Causes of Hemorrhoidal Diseases
Hemorrhoidal diseases are a disorder commonly known as piles or piles. They occur as a result of swelling and inflammation of the veins around the anus and rectum. There are two types of hemorrhoids: internal hemorrhoids (inside the rectum) and external hemorrhoids (around the anus).
One of the most common causes is constipation. When a person strains to go to the toilet for a long time due to hard stools, it puts pressure on the veins in the anal area. This can lead to the development of hemorrhoids. Inadequate fiber intake and low water consumption also lead to constipation, increasing the risk of hemorrhoids.
At the same time, sitting for long periods of time or standing for long periods of time also puts pressure on the veins in the anus area, which contributes to the development of hemorrhoids.
Pregnancy is another factor that increases the risk of hemorrhoidal disease for women. During pregnancy, as the uterus grows, intra-abdominal pressure increases. This puts more pressure on the veins in the rectal area, triggering the development of the disease. In addition, hormonal changes can slow down bowel movements and lead to constipation, which increases the risk of hemorrhoids.
Obesity, heavy lifting and insufficient physical activity also play an important role in the development of the disease. Excess weight can damage the veins around the anus by putting extra pressure on the abdominal area. In addition, straining the body during heavy exercises can also cause hemorrhoids.
Symptoms of Hemorrhoidal Diseases
Hemorrhoidal diseases occur when the veins around the anus and rectum expand. It usually manifests itself with disturbing symptoms. There are two types of hemorrhoids: internal and external, and symptoms may differ according to this classification.
The most common symptom is rectal bleeding. Bright red blood is often reported with internal hemorrhoids, especially during bowel movements. This bleeding is not mixed with stool and is usually painless. However, in advanced stages, pain can occur. Bleeding usually occurs as a result of straining during bowel movements.
External hemorrhoids are characterized by more pronounced swelling and pain. Palpable swelling and itching around the anus are common. Pain may be more pronounced during bowel movements in this type of hemorrhoid, and sitting for long periods of time may be uncomfortable. In addition, when external hemorrhoids become thrombosed (blood clot inside the vein), more intense pain and swelling occur. Thrombosed external hemorrhoids usually require emergency intervention.
Itching is a common symptom, especially of external hemorrhoids. This may be due to skin irritation and moisture in the anal area. The constant urge to scratch around the anus is due to the irritation of the skin caused by hemorrhoids.
A feeling of fullness in the anus is also a symptom frequently reported by hemorrhoid patients. Internal hemorrhoids that prolapse may cause a person to have a constant urge to defecate or a feeling of pressure in the anus.
Hemorrhoidal Diseases Treatment
Treatment of hemorrhoidal diseases varies depending on the severity and type of the disease. The aim of treatment is to improve the quality of life. Treatment options range from home-based methods to surgery.
In mild cases of hemorrhoids, home treatments are usually sufficient. These include hot water baths, consuming fiber-rich foods to soften stools, and drinking plenty of water. Fiber supplements can also be used to prevent straining during bowel movements.
In more advanced hemorrhoids, doctors may resort to medical treatments. One of these is rubber band ligation, which is used to shrink internal hemorrhoids. In this method, a rubber band is placed at the base of the hemorrhoid and the blood flow is cut off, causing the hemorrhoid to shrink over time.
Sclerotherapy is the process of shrinking hemorrhoids by injecting chemicals into them. Minimally invasive methods such as infrared coagulation can also be used for internal hemorrhoids.
In cases where hemorrhoids are severe and chronic, surgical intervention may be required. Hemorrhoidectomy is a surgery that completely removes hemorrhoids. It is usually preferred for severe hemorrhoids. In addition, the stapled hemorrhoidopexy method is used to prevent hemorrhoids from prolapse.
Hemorrhoidal disease treatment is provided by lifestyle changes, medical interventions and surgical methods. Early treatment relieves symptoms and prevents the progression of the disease.
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