It is a disease characterized by elevated blood calcium levels. It is generally divided into three main types: primary, secondary and tertiary. Diagnosis is usually made through blood tests and treatment options include surgery and medication. With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, patients' quality of life can be significantly improved.
Types of Hyperparathyroidism
A condition that causes high levels of calcium in the blood. There are two main types: primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Primary Hyperparathyroidism: It develops due to benign tumors that form in the parathyroid glands. In addition, excessive growth of the glands or cancer can also cause primary hyperparathyroidism. Symptoms include excessive thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, muscle weakness, and bone pain. Treatment is usually surgical; removal of the tumor or the overgrown gland resolves the disease in most patients.
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism: It occurs as a result of factors such as kidney disease or vitamin D deficiency. The body increases parathyroid hormone to balance calcium levels.
Symptoms are related to high levels of calcium in the blood. These include fatigue, nausea, and muscle spasms. Treatment involves addressing the underlying cause. This may include vitamin D supplements or appropriate treatment for kidney disease.
Hyperparathyroidism is usually a manageable condition. It is important to see a specialist for diagnosis and treatment. Early diagnosis can prevent complications and improve the quality of life of patients.
Hyperparathyroidism Symptoms
Hyperparathyroidism is a condition characterized by excessive production of hormones by the parathyroid glands. This disrupts the calcium balance in the body and leads to a variety of symptoms. Hyperparathyroidism can occur in three main types: primary, secondary and tertiary.
1. Bone Pain and Weakness: High calcium levels can cause weak bones, which increases the risk of osteoporosis and can lead to bone pain and fractures.
2. Muscle Weakness: Hyperparathyroidism can cause muscle weakness and fatigue, which can make daily activities difficult.
3. Kidney Stones: Excess calcium encourages the formation of kidney stones, which can lead to severe back pain and urinary tract infections.
4. Digestive Problems: Digestive problems such as nausea, vomiting and constipation are common. High calcium levels can negatively affect the digestive system.
5. Mental Changes: It can lead to mental health problems such as depression, anxiety and difficulty concentrating.
6. High Blood Pressure: Increased calcium levels can cause increased blood pressure.
Since these symptoms can be confused with other health problems, it is important to see a doctor for a correct diagnosis. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical to preventing complications.
Hyperparathyroidism Treatment
Treatment for hyperparathyroidism varies depending on the type of disease, severity of symptoms, and overall health of the patient. Treatment options include surgery, medication, and lifestyle changes.
Surgical Treatment: Primary hyperparathyroidism involves surgically removing one of the parathyroid glands. This procedure aims to stop the excess hormone production and return calcium levels to normal. Surgery is generally considered an effective treatment option. It results in significant relief of symptoms in most patients.
Drug Therapy: If surgery is not appropriate or the patient's condition does not allow it, drug therapy is used. Drugs such as bisphosphonates and calcitonin reduce the absorption of calcium by the bones. Thus, they can help balance calcium levels. In addition, calcium intake control and vitamin D supplements may be prescribed.
Lifestyle Changes: Adopting a healthy lifestyle is also important to manage the disease. Adequate fluid intake can reduce the risk of kidney stones. A low-calcium, low-salt diet can help relieve symptoms. Regular exercise supports bone health.
In the treatment of hyperparathyroidism, patients should visit their doctor regularly. It is also important to monitor calcium levels with blood tests. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are vital to prevent complications. During the treatment process, the patient should carefully monitor their symptoms and response to treatment.
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