It is an abdominal wall hernia that occurs in the area of an incision after a previous surgical procedure. It develops as a result of the abdominal muscles weakening during surgery or not fusing properly during the healing process. The organs or tissues inside the abdomen can push out through this weak spot, causing swelling. Symptoms of an incisional hernia include swelling, pain, and discomfort. Treatment usually requires surgical repair, as the hernia can grow larger over time and cause complications.
Incisional Hernia Symptoms
An incisional hernia is a type of hernia that develops in the area where a previous surgical incision in the abdominal wall has weakened. Intra-abdominal organs or fatty tissue can protrude through this weak spot, creating a bulge under the skin. It is usually seen in individuals who have had abdominal surgery. It occurs when the surgical incision does not fully fuse or cannot withstand pressure during the healing process.
1. Swelling or Lump: It may appear as a visible swelling or lump under the skin in the surgical area. This swelling usually becomes apparent when the patient stands or strains their abdomen and decreases when lying down.
2. Pain and Discomfort: There may be constant pain or discomfort in the area where the hernia is located. The pain may increase especially during activities such as heavy lifting, coughing, or straining. While this pain may be mild in some patients, others may experience severe pain.
3. Tenderness at the Incision Site: Extreme sensitivity may be felt in the operated area. Pain may occur when touching the area around the swelling.
4. Digestive ProblemsIf a hernia compresses a portion of the intestines, digestive system problems occur. In the event of intestinal obstruction, emergency intervention may be required.
5. Skin Redness or Warmth: If the hernia progresses, there may be redness on the skin surface or a feeling of warmth to the touch. This may be a sign of infection and medical attention should be sought immediately.
Incisional hernia symptoms may vary from person to person. However, if any abnormalities are noticed in the abdominal area during the healing period, a doctor should be consulted. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications.
Incisional Hernia Causes
An incisional hernia is a type of hernia that occurs in the area where an incision (surgical cut) is made after abdominal surgery. During the surgical procedure, the abdominal wall is cut and this area takes time to heal. However, some factors cause the incision not to heal completely and cause weakness.
1. Poor Healing of Surgical Incision: The recovery process after surgery may vary for each patient. Incomplete healing of the incisional area and tension of the stitches pave the way for hernia formation. In particular, infection of the surgical area or poor blood circulation negatively affects the recovery process.
2. Heavy Lifting and Strain: After surgery, patients should avoid heavy lifting, coughing, or sudden movements. These types of physical strains can put pressure on the incision area and increase weakness in the abdominal wall.
3. Obesity: Excess weight puts constant pressure on the abdominal wall. In obese individuals, this pressure can make it harder for the incision to heal and increase the risk of hernia. In addition, excess fat tissue can prolong the healing time of the surgical incision.
4. Chronic Cough or ConstipationChronic coughing constantly strains the abdominal muscles and increases the pressure on the incision area. Similarly, prolonged straining due to constipation can increase intra-abdominal pressure and cause a hernia.
5. Age and Genetic Factors: Advanced age increases the risk due to decreased elasticity of the tissues. Individuals with genetically weak connective tissue may also be prone to hernia development.
Incisional hernia is a complication that usually occurs after surgery. Postoperative care, restriction of physical activities and a healthy lifestyle play an important role in preventing this type of hernia.
Incisional Hernia Treatment Methods
An incisional hernia is a type of hernia that occurs after a previous operation in the abdominal area. In this case, internal organs or fatty tissue protrude from weak points in the abdominal wall, creating a bulge. If left untreated, an incisional hernia can lead to greater health problems. Treatment methods are usually surgical. It is applied considering each patient's condition.
Open surgery is a common method used to treat incisional hernias. The surgeon repairs the weak area in the abdominal wall by making an incision in the hernia area. During this procedure, the weak tissue area is strengthened and a “mesh” (synthetic patch) is usually used to prevent the hernia from recurring. The mesh helps strengthen the abdominal wall by supporting the hernia area. Open surgery is the preferred method for treating larger hernias.
Laparoscopic surgery is a less invasive treatment method and the patient's recovery time is usually faster. In this method, small incisions are made in the abdomen and the hernia area is repaired with the help of a camera. The surgeon repairs the hernia by inserting small instruments through these incisions and again, a mesh is usually used. Laparoscopic surgery is a suitable treatment option for smaller hernias and leaves fewer scars than open surgery.
Robotic surgery is a more advanced version of laparoscopic surgery. The surgeon can perform a more precise operation using robotic arms. This method is performed with small incisions, similar to laparoscopic surgery. It can be preferred especially in complex cases.
In the postoperative period, patients are advised to take preventive measures to prevent hernia recurrence. These include avoiding heavy lifting, achieving ideal weight, and exercising regularly.
Surgical methods are at the forefront in the treatment of incisional hernia. Open surgery, laparoscopic and robotic surgery are evaluated according to the patient's condition. Early intervention reduces the risk of complications and increases the patient's quality of life.
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